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生鐵、熟鐵和鋼的主要區別在于含碳量上，含碳量超過 2% 的鐵，叫生鐵；含碳量低于 0.04% 的鐵，叫熟鐵；含碳量在 0.05~2% 之間的鐵，稱為鋼。其實，生鐵是一種含碳量大于 2.11% 的鐵碳合金。工業生鐵的含碳量一般在 2.5%~4% 之間，并含有 Si 、 Mu 、 S 、 P 等元素，是用鐵礦石經高爐冶煉的產品。生鐵主要有如下兩類。
The main difference is that the pig iron, wrought iron and steel carbon content, carbon content of more than 2% of iron is iron; carbon content of less than 0.04% of the iron, the carbon content in the name of wrought iron; 0.05~2% iron, called steel. In fact, pig iron is a kind of iron carbon alloy with carbon content greater than 2.11%. Carbon content of pig iron is generally between 2.5%~4%, Si, Mu, and contains S, P and other elements, is the use of iron ores in blast furnace smelting products. There are two main types of pig iron.
1、煉鋼生鐵 含硅量較低，一般不大于 1.75% 。 是平爐、轉爐煉鋼的主要原料，在生鐵產量中占 80%~90% 。煉鋼生鐵硬而脆，鐵和碳處于化合狀態，以滲碳體形式存在，其斷口呈銀白色，所以也叫作白口鐵。軋輥、梨鏵鐵等都是白口鐵。

1, the pig iron containing silicon content is low, generally not greater than 1.75%. Is the main raw material, open hearth steelmaking, accounting for 80%~90% in pig iron production in. Pig iron is hard and brittle, iron and carbon are in a combined state, cementite exists, and its fracture surface is silvery white, so it is also called white iron. Roll, Li Hua iron is white iron.
2 、鑄造生鐵 含硅量很大，一般為 1.25%~3.6% 。由于熔點低、流動性好，常用來鑄造各種鑄件，故也叫鑄鐵。鑄造生鐵中的碳以石墨形式存在，其斷口呈灰色，性軟，易切削加工，所以也叫作灰鑄鐵。如床身、箱體、管道、管件及各種連接件等都是由鑄造生鐵制作。
2, casting pig iron contains a large amount of silicon, generally 1.25%~3.6%. Because of its low melting point and good fluidity, it is often used to cast various castings, so it is also called cast iron. The carbon in foundry pig iron is in graphite form, and its fracture surface is gray, soft and easy to cut, so it is also called gray iron. Such as the bed, box, pipe, pipe fittings and all kinds of connectors, etc., are made by casting pig iron.
熟鐵又名純鐵，是含碳量低于 0.04% 的鐵碳合金，含鐵約 99.9% ，雜質總含量約 0.1 ％。純鐵的用途主要是作為電工材料，具有高的磁導率，可用于各種鐵芯。純鐵還用作高級合金鋼的原料。純鐵很少用作結構材料，這是由于它質地柔軟，強度不高；另一方面，純鐵要求碳、磷、硫等雜質元素含量很低，其冶煉難度較大，制造成本遠大于生鐵和鋼。
Also known as iron wrought iron, carbon content is less than 0.04% of the iron carbon alloy, iron containing about 99.9% of the total impurity content of about 0.1%. The use of pure iron is mainly used as electrical materials, with high permeability, can be used for a variety of iron core. Pure iron is also used as raw material for high-grade alloy steel. Pure iron is rarely used as a structural material, this is because of its soft texture, the intensity is not high; on the other hand, iron requirements of carbon, phosphorus and sulfur impurities content is very low, the smelting difficulty, the manufacturing cost is far greater than the iron and steel.
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