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鋼鐵是一種由鐵與其他元素結(jié)合而成的合金，當(dāng)中最普遍的是碳。碳約占鋼材重量的0.2%至2.1%，視乎鋼材的等級(jí)。其他有時(shí)會(huì)用到的合金元素還包括錳、鉻、釩和鎢。
Iron and steel is an alloy made of iron and other elements, the most common of which is carbon. Carbon accounts for about 0.2% to 2.1% of the weight of the steel, depending on the grade of the steel. Other alloying elements that are sometimes used include manganese, chromium, vanadium and tungsten.
碳與其他元素有硬化劑的作用，濟(jì)鋼一級(jí)代理能夠防止鐵原子的晶格因原子滑移過(guò)其他原子而出現(xiàn)位錯(cuò)。調(diào)整合金元素的量，及其存在與鋼中的形式，就能夠控制鋼成品的特性，例如硬度、延展性及強(qiáng)度。加了碳的鋼會(huì)比純鐵更硬更強(qiáng)，但是這種鋼的延展性會(huì)比鐵差。

Carbon and other elements have the effect of hardening agent, and the first agent can prevent the atomic lattice of iron atoms from slipping through other atoms. By adjusting the amount of alloying elements, their presence and the form of steel, they can control the properties of steel products, such as hardness, ductility, and strength. Carbon steel will be harder and stronger than pure iron, but this steel will be more ductile than iron.
鐵碳合金分為鋼與生鐵兩大類(lèi)，鋼是含碳量為0.03%～2%的鐵碳合金。碳鋼是最常用的普通鋼，冶煉方便、加工容易、價(jià)格低廉，而且在多數(shù)情況下能滿足使用要求，所以應(yīng)用十分普遍。按含碳量不同，碳鋼又分為低碳鋼、中碳鋼和高碳鋼。隨含碳量升高，碳鋼的硬度增加、韌性下降。合金鋼又叫特種鋼，在碳鋼的基礎(chǔ)上加入一種或多種合金元素，使鋼的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和性能發(fā)生變化，從而具有一些特殊性能，如高硬度、高耐磨性、高韌性、耐腐蝕性，等等。
Iron carbon alloy is divided into two categories of steel and pig iron, steel is a carbon content of 0.03% to 2% of the iron carbon alloy. Carbon steel is the most commonly used ordinary steel, smelting convenience, easy processing, low price, and in most cases can meet the use requirements, so the application is very common. According to the carbon content, carbon steel is divided into low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel. With the increase of carbon content, the hardness and toughness of carbon steel decrease. Alloy steel and special steel, adding one or more alloying elements in steel on the basis of the change of microstructure and properties of steel, it has some special properties, such as high hardness, high wear resistance, high toughness, corrosion resistance, etc..
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