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　　鋼的機械性能的常用檢驗方法很多，常用的檢驗方法有以下幾種：
A lot of common inspection method on the mechanical properties of the steel, commonly used inspection method has the following kinds:
　　1.拉力試驗
1. The tensile test
　　（1）屈服點
(1) the yield point
　　在拉伸機的位力下，試樣被位長，在開始時試樣的伸長和拉力成正比，當拉力取消后試樣仍收縮到原來尺寸，試樣的這種變形叫做彈性變形。在拉力不斷加大后試樣繼續被伸長，但外力取消后試樣卻不再收縮到原來長度，這種變形收叫做塑性變形。由彈性變形點轉變為塑性變形的時候，叫做屈服點，其代表符號是σb，單位是MPa或N/平方毫米。
Under drawing machine of a force, the sample was a long, in the beginning is directly proportional to the specimen elongation and tension, when pulling force to cancel after the sample is still contracting to its original size, sample of this deformation is called elastic deformation. In the tension of the samples after the widening of continues elongation, but no longer samples after the external force to cancel contract to its original length, the deformation is called plastic deformation. By the elastic deformation points into plastic deformation, is called the yield point, its representative symbol is sigma b, unit is the MPa or N/mm2.
　　（2）抗張強度
(2) the tensile strength
　　在上述試驗中，當試樣產生塑性變形后，拉力繼續增大，試樣最后被拉斷。這時候的力就是抗張強度，其代表符號是σb，單位是MPa或N/平方毫米。
In the experiment, when the sample produce plastic deformation, strain continues to increase, the sample was finally pulled apart or cause drag mark. When the force is the tensile strength, its representative symbol is sigma b, unit is the MPa or N/mm2.
　　（3）延伸率
(3) the elongation
　　在上述試驗中，在試驗拉斷以后，原定標距被位長后與原來標距的比叫做延伸率，其代表符號為τ，單位是%。
In the trial, after the test of tensile, due to the distance with the original standard after being a long distance than called elongation, its representative symbol of tau, unit is %.

　　（4）斷面收縮率
(4) reduction of area
　　上述試樣在拉斷后，測量拉斷后的斷面頸縮與原來斷面積的比，叫做斷面收縮率，其代表符號為φ，單位為%。
After the sample after the snap, measurement of tensile section necking and broken area than the original, referred to as the reduction of area, its representative symbol for phi, unit is %.
　　2.彎曲試驗
2. The bending test
　　將試樣在熱或冷的狀態下進行彎曲，將鋼材折彎90度或120度，檢查鋼材承受彎曲的能力，不同鋼材對彎曲的角度和彎曲的直徑有不同要求。
Will bend specimens under the conditions of hot or cold, the steel bent 90 degrees or 90 degrees, the ability to check the steel bending bear, different steel on the diameter of the bending Angle and bending have different requirements.
　　3.沖擊試驗
3. The impact test
　　測量鋼材韌性的方法。將試樣加工成規定形狀，在試驗機上有重錘擺動將試樣沖斷，叫做沖擊功。
The measurement method of steel toughness. Sample processing into shape, in the sample testing machine with a heavy hammer swing thrust, called the impact energy.
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