鋼的熱處理種類分為整體熱處理和表面熱處理兩大類。常用的整體熱處理有退火,正火、淬火和回火;表面熱處理可分為表面淬火與化學(xué)熱處理兩類。
The heat treatment of steel can be divided into two categories: heat treatment and surface heat treatment. The overall heat treatment annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering; surface heat treatment and surface hardening can be divided into two types of chemical heat treatment.
正火是將鋼件加熱到臨界溫度以上30-50℃,保溫適當(dāng)時(shí)間后,在靜止的空氣中冷卻的熱處理工藝稱為正火。正火的主要目的是細(xì)化組織,改善鋼的性能,獲得接近平衡狀態(tài)的組織。
The fire is to heat the steel above the critical temperature of 30-50 DEG C, holding an appropriate time after the heat treatment process of cooling in still air is called normalizing. The main purpose of normalizing is to refine, improve the performance of the steel, close to the equilibrium state of organization.
正火與退火工藝相比,其主要區(qū)別是正火的冷卻速度稍快,所以正火熱處理的生產(chǎn)周期短。故退火與正火同樣能達(dá)到零件性能要求時(shí),盡可能選用正火。大部分中、低碳鋼的坯料一般都采用正火熱處理。一般合金鋼坯料常采用退火,若用正火,由于冷卻速度較快,使其正火后硬度較高,不利于切削加工。
Compared with the process of normalizing and annealing, the main difference is the fire of the cooling speed is fast, so are hot processing production cycle is short. The annealing and normalizing to achieve the same parts performance requirements, choose as far as possible is fire. Most of the medium and low carbon steel billets are generally treated with positive heat treatment. General alloy steel material used with annealing, normalizing, due to fast cooling rate, the normalized high hardness, is not conducive to cutting.
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