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(1)對奧氏體形成速度的影響： Cr、Mo、W、V等強碳化物形成元素與碳的親合力大, 形成難溶于奧氏體的合金碳化物, 顯著減慢奧氏體形成速度；Co、Ni等部分非碳化物形成元素, 因增大碳的擴散速度, 使奧氏體的形成速度加快；Al、Si、Mn等合金元素對奧氏體形成速度影響不大。

(1) the formation rate of influence on Cr, Mo, W: austenitic and V strong carbide forming elements and carbon affinity, carbides formed insoluble in austenite, the formation rate was reduced Co and Ni austenite; some non carbide forming elements, because the diffusion rate of carbon increases, the formation of austenite speed; Al, Si, Mn and other alloy elements had little effect on the formation rate of austenite.

(2)對奧氏體晶粒大小的影響：大多數合金元素都有阻止奧氏體晶粒長大的作用, 但影響程度不同。強烈阻礙晶粒長大的元素有：V、Ti、Nb、Zr等；中等阻礙晶粒長大的元素有：W、Mn、Cr等；對晶粒長大影響不大的元素有：Si、Ni、Cu等；促進晶粒長大的元素：Mn、P等。

(2) the effect of austenite grain size: most of the alloying elements have the effect of preventing the growth of austenite grain, but the influence degree is different. Strongly hinder the grain growth of the elements are: V, Ti, Nb, Zr; secondary hinder the grain growth of the elements are: W, Mn and Cr had little effect on grain growth; elements are: Si, Ni, Cu etc.; promote the grain growth of elements: Mn, P etc..

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